Conflict and crises trigger spike in human trafficking

A sharp fall in 2020 had largely disappeared by the following year.

"Criminals are increasingly trafficking people into forced labour, including to coerce them into running sophisticated online scams and cyberfraud, while women and girls face the risk of sexual exploitation and gender-based violence," said the report published on Wednesday, adding that organised crime was mainly responsible.

Children accounted for 38 per cent of detected victims, compared to 35 per cent for figures for 2020 which formed the basis of the previous report.

The latest report showed adult women remain the largest group of victims, representing 39 per cent of cases, followed by men at 23 per cent, girls at 22 per cent and boys at 16 per cent.

The total number of victims in 2022 was 69,627.

The most common reason by far for women and girls being trafficked was sexual exploitation at 60 per cent or more, followed by forced labour. For men, it was forced labour and for boys, it was forced labour and "other purposes" in roughly equal measure.

Those other purposes include forced criminality and forced begging. The report said the growing number of boys identified as victims of trafficking could be linked to rising numbers of unaccompanied minors arriving in Europe and North America.

The region of origin that accounted for the largest number of victims was sub-Saharan Africa with 26 per cent, though there are many different trafficking routes.

While improved detection could account for the growing numbers, the report said it was likely a combination of that and more trafficking in general.

The biggest increases in cases detected were in sub-Saharan Africa, North America and the 'western and southern Europe' region, according to the report, with migration influxes being a significant factor in the latter two.