Her new position was announced on Tuesday, with the Office of Public Prosecutions confirming she had resigned from her role as director.
Ms Judd became Victoria's first female Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) in 2018 after spending more than 30 years working in the legal profession.
After decades in the legal profession Kerri Judd has been appointed to Victoria's Supreme Court. (James Ross/AAP PHOTOS)
She led a series of high profile cases, including those against Cardinal George Pell and Bourke Street killer James Gargasoulas.
Ms Judd also appeared for the state in inquiries and royal commissions and conducted law reform reviews on behalf of the Victorian government.
Brendan Kissane KC, who will take over as DPP, said Ms Judd's latest achievement was testament to how she was viewed in the legal profession.
"Her appointment represents as wonderful gain for the bench and public confidence in the administration of justice, although a corresponding loss for our office, which will be keenly felt," Mr Kissane said in a statement.
Attorney-General Jaclyn Symes congratulated Ms Judd, saying she had proudly served the Victorian community as a prosecutor.
Ms Judd's appointment to the Supreme Court follows the resignation of Justice Elizabeth Hollingworth, who spent more than 20 years on the bench.
It also comes after Supreme Court Justice Les Lasry retired in February.
He stepped down from the role after Ms Judd lodged a complaint against him over a ruling connected to the 2020 Eastern Freeway crash that killed four police officers.
Trucking boss Simiona Tuteru was originally charged with manslaughter after he allowed a truck driver to get behind the wheel while high on drugs and tired before the crash.
But prosecutors withdrew those charges six days before Tuteru's trial, in favour of heavy vehicle offences.
Justice Lasry said the court processes had been used oppressively and unfairly by Ms Judd and decided to permanently stay the case.
Ms Judd successfully challenged his position in the Court of Appeal, with three judges overturning his ruling in August 2023.
She lodged a complaint to the judicial commission but it was dismissed because Mr Lasry had retired and was no longer a judicial officer.
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