Returning from a broken toe and playing his first game since December 27, Short hammered 109 from 54 balls on Saturday night at Adelaide Oval.
The Adelaide captain's featured 10 fours and seven sixes.
The Strikers easily passed their previous best of 3-230 scored two years ago against the Hobart Hurricanes.
Short's ton is the second-highest Strikers score. He holed out to Xavier Bartlett off Mitchell Swepson on the square boundary, and had his shot been a little cleaner Short would have equalled Jake Weatherald's record 115.
The Strikers are bottom of the standings with two wins from seven games and must beat the fourth-placed Heat to stay in finals contention.
Saturday was also the first time in the BBL that three 200-plus scores have been posted on the same day, following the Sydney Sixers-Perth Scorchers run-fest at the SCG.
Adding to Brisbane's worries, captain Colin Munro was forced from the field when he hurt his shoulder and then dislocated a finger in successive overs.
Short's opening partner Chris Lynn will not field because of hamstring tightness while he was batting.
Adelaide lost the toss, but that did not bother Short or Lynn, who were merciless as they hammered the Brisbane attack in front of a healthy home crowd.
They racked up 121 in only 8.5 overs, before Test squad inclusion Matt Kuhnemann bowled Lynn for 47.
Test squad member Matt Kuhnemann picked up 3-50 from four overs against the Strikers. (Jono Searle/AAP PHOTOS)
Lynn racked up five fours and three sixes in his whirlwind 20-ball knock.
Playing his first BBL game this season, Test keeper Alex Carey only made 13 before Kuhnemann bowled him as well.
An unbeaten 44 from 19 balls by Alex Ross ensured the record Adelaide score.
Kuhnemann was the pick of the Heat attack, snaring 3-50 from four overs.Â
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